Bladder cancer most often begins in the cells (urothelial cells) that line the inside of your bladder, a hollow muscular organ in your lower abdomen that stores urine. Most bladder cancers are diagnosed at an early stage, when the cancer is highly treatable. But even early-stage bladder cancers can come back after successful treatment. For this reason, people with bladder cancer typically need follow-up tests for years after treatment to look for bladder cancer that recurs.

The adrenal glands are a production center for regulatory hormones such as adrenaline and cortisone. For this reason, many of the symptoms of adrenal cancer are related to hormonal imbalances resulting from tumors secreting too much or too little of a particular hormone. A large percentage of tumors on the adrenal glands are benign. These tumors may grow very large and put pressure on nearby organs like the stomach, but they do not spread to other parts of the body. The average age of diagnosis is around 44.

Kidney cancer is a relatively common urological condition that, if identified and diagnosed early enough, is highly curable. As with all cancers, early diagnosis of kidney cancer is critical when treating the disease. Based on the final assessment, an individualized treatment plan will be recommended that may include surgery, tumor ablation, embolization or surveillance. Some patients will benefit from a combined approach that may include surgical removal in addition to targeted therapy, immunotherapy, research protocols or chemotherapy.